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渗透汽化 5

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A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 325-338 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0618-y

摘要： Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the most promising among the various types of fuel cells. Though it has found its applications in numerous fields, the cost and durability are key barriers impeding the commercialization of PEM fuel cell stack. The crucial and expensive component involved in it is the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and its degradation, which limits the performance and life of the fuel cell stack. A critical analysis and comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional properties of various materials involved in the GDE can help us to address the related durability and cost issues. This paper reviews the key GDE components, and in specific, the root causes influencing the durability. It also envisages the role of novel materials and provides a critical recommendation to improve the GDE durability.

关键词： PEM fuel cell     gas diffusion electrode(GDE)     gas diffusion layer(GDL)     membrane electrode assembly     durability     fuel cell catalyst    

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Facile discovery of red blood cell deformation and compromised membrane/skeleton assembly in Prader–Willi

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 946-956 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0962-x

摘要： Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare congenital disease with genetic alterations in chromosome 15. Although genetic disorders and DNA methylation abnormalities involved in PWS have been investigated to a significant degree, other anomalies such as those in erythrocytes may occur and these have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we uncovered slight anemia in children with PWS that was associated with increased red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW) and contrarily reduced hematocrit (HCT) values. Intriguingly, the increased ratio in RDW to HCT allowed sufficient differentiation between the PWS patients from the healthy controls and, importantly, with individuals exhibiting conventional obesity. Further morphologic examinations revealed a significant deformity in erythrocytes and mild hemolysis in PWS patients. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations unveiled compromised membrane skeletal assembly and membrane lipid composition, and revealed a reduced F-actin/G-actin ratio in PWS patients. We ascribed these phenotypic changes in erythrocytes to the observed genetic defects, including DNA methylation abnormalities. Our collective data allowed us to uncover RBC deformation in children with PWS, and this may constitute an auxiliary indicator of PWS in early childhood.

关键词： Prader–Willi syndrome     early diagnosis     erythrocyte deformation     membrane skeleton     membrane lipid    

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Ionic strength directed self-assembled polyelectrolyte single-bilayer membrane for low-pressure nanofiltration

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 699-708 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2093-3

摘要： Layer-by-layer assembly is a versatile technique for fabricating nanofiltration membranes, where multiple layers of polyelectrolytes are usually required to achieve reasonable separation performance. In this work, an ionic strength directed self-assembly procedure is described for the preparation of nanofiltration membranes consisting of only a single bilayer of poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) and poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfoate). The influence of background ionic strength as well as membrane substrate properties on the formation of single-bilayer membranes are systematically evaluated. Such a simplified polyelectrolyte deposition procedure results in membranes having outstanding separation performance with permeating flux of 14.2 ± 1.5 L∙m–2∙h–1∙bar–1 and Na2SO4 rejection of 97.1% ± 0.8% under a low applied pressure of 1 bar. These results surpass the ones for conventional multilayered polyelectrolyte membranes. This work encompasses an investigation of ionic strength induced coiling of the polyelectrolyte chains and emphasizes the interplay between-polyelectrolyte chain configuration and substrate pore profile. It thus introduces a new concept on the control of membrane fabrication process toward high performance nanofiltration.

关键词： layer-by-layer self-assembly     single bilayer     nanofiltration membrane     desalination    

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基于一维纳米结构阵列的质子交换膜燃料电池电极设计的研究进展 Review

杜尚峰

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第1期   页码 33-49 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.014

摘要：

一维（1D）铂基电催化剂对氧还原反应（ORR）展现出了良好的催化活性和稳定性。基于一维铂基纳米结构阵列的三维（3D）有序电极的研究进展表明，它们在解决现有铂/碳（Pt/C）纳米颗粒电极在高性能质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的传质特性和持久性挑战方面具有巨大的潜力。本文综述了该领域的最新进展，重点介绍了基于独立的铂纳米线阵列的三维有序结构电极，讨论了纳米结构薄膜（NSTF）催化剂以及沉积在聚合物纳米线、碳和二氧化钛纳米管阵列上的铂基纳米颗粒电极，并回顾了铂基纳米管阵列电极的研究进展。本文指出了一维催化剂纳米结构的尺寸、表面性质和分配控制的重要性。最后，讨论了一维纳米结构阵列电极在增大电化学比表面积（ECSA）和氧传质阻力定量研究方面面临的挑战和未来的发展机遇。

关键词： 质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）     电极     一维（1D）     氧还原反应（ORR）     催化剂     有序化    

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质子交换膜燃料电池的研究进展

任学佑

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第1期   页码 86-94

摘要：

论述了质子交换膜燃料电池的开发现状及国内外研究进展；同时介绍了趋于成熟的贮氢技术，包括质子交换膜、双极板、膜电极和电催化剂在内的关键技术、应用以及未来展望。

关键词： 燃料电池     质子交换膜     双极板     膜电极     电催化剂     开发现状    

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Ionic liquid modified Pt/C electrocatalysts for cathode application in proton exchange membrane fuel

Huixin Zhang, Jinying Liang, Bangwang Xia, Yang Li, Shangfeng Du

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 695-701 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1838-8

摘要： The modification of Pt/C catalyst by using ionic liquids to improve their catalyst activities has been reported by many researchers, but their practical behavior in operating fuel cells is still unknown. In this work, we study the ionic liquid modified Pt/C nanoparticle catalysts within cathodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The influence of the ionic liquid amount, adsorption times and dispersing solvents are investigated. The experiment results show the best performance enhancement is achieved through two-time surface modification with 2 wt-% ionic liquid solution. The mechanisms are explored with the attribution to the high oxygen solubility in the ionic liquid enabling an improved oxygen diffusion in micropores and to good hydrophobicity facilitating water expelling from the active sites in fuel cell operation.

关键词： ionic liquid     PEMFC     electrode     oxygen reduction reaction     electrocatalyst     adsorption    

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电活性膜去除氯酚污染物——面向工程应用的放大策略 Article

裴姝钊, 王毅, 尤世界, 李战国, 任南琪

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 77-84 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.017

摘要：

氯酚（CP）是一类重要的难降解污染物，对人类和其他生物具有高度毒性。电活性膜（REM）通过穿流式操作，能够强化对流传质，在电化学去除难降解污染物过程中彰显出巨大潜力。然而相关研究通常报道的是实验室规模，无法直接保证REM反应器在工程化放大中的成功运行。本研究证明了由亚氧化钛陶瓷阳极和不锈钢阴极配置的同轴管式电极（TCE）可用于大规模的CP 去除。理论和试验结果均表明，TCE构型不仅使电极表面处处正交于电场线，而且具有与电极长度成反比的欧姆电阻。此外，TCE构型可根据废水流动方向将从阳极流向阴极（AC模式）调整为从阴极流向阳极（CA模式），为CP的选择性降解创造了可控条件。单程穿流实验结果证实在CA模式下，2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-DCP）的去除动力学常数较AC模式高一个数量级，2,4-DCP 和化学需氧量（COD）去除率分别为98%和72.5%。理论计算和实验结果表明，CA模式具有较低的反应活化能和自由能。在不增加欧姆电阻或降低活性面积的情况下，TCE构型适用于组件化策略来放大电化学反应器规模。使用三个TCE组件时，2,4-DCP的去除率达到99.4%，能耗为1.5 kW⋅h⋅m−3。本研究为REM反应器提出了一种合理的电极构型设计，为电化学去除氯酚类污染物在跨越面向工程放大的“死亡之谷”提供有效策略。

关键词： 氯酚类污染物     活性膜电极     同轴管式电极     放大    

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Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1427-1443 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2108-0

摘要： The dye industry produces a large amount of hazardous wastewater every day worldwide, which brings potential threaten to the global environment. As an excellent method for removal of water chroma and chemical oxygen demand, electrocatalytic methods are currently widely used in the treatment of dye wastewater. The selection and preparation of electrode materials and electrocatalysts play an important role on the electrocatalytic treatment. The aim of this paper is to introduce the most excellent high-efficiency electrode materials and electrocatalysts in the field of dye wastewater treatment. Many electrode materials such as metal electrode materials, boron-doped diamond anode materials and three-dimensional electrode are introduced in detail. Besides, the mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation is summarized. The composite treatment of active electrode and electrocatalyst are extensively examined. Finally, the progress of photo-assisted electrocatalytic methods of dye wastewater and the catalysts are described.

关键词： electrocatalytic oxidation     electrode     electrocatalysis     dye wastewater    

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Assembly of biosynthetic pathways in

Lidan Ye,Xiaomei Lv,Hongwei Yu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 126-132 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1597-8

摘要： A robust and versatile tool for multigene pathway assembly is a key to the biosynthesis of high-value chemicals. Here we report the rapid construction of biosynthetic pathways in using a marker recyclable integrative toolbox (pUMRI) developed in our research group, which has features of ready-to-use, convenient marker recycling, arbitrary element replacement, shuttle plasmid, auxotrophic marker independence, GAL regulation, and decentralized assembly. Functional isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways containing 4–11 genes with lengths ranging from ~10 to ~22 kb were assembled using this toolbox within 1–5 rounds of reiterative recombination. In combination with GAL-regulated metabolic engineering, high production of isoprenoids (e.g., 16.3 mg?g dcw carotenoids) was achieved. These results demonstrate the wide range of application and the efficiency of the pUMRI toolbox in multigene pathway construction of .

关键词： pathway assembly     toolbox     reiterative recombination     S. cerevisiae     biosynthesis    

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Quality control based on electrode displacement and force in resistance spot welding

Chuntao JI, Lipeng DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第4期   页码 412-417 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0114-x

摘要： The behaviors of electrode displacement and force during spot welding under various conditions, such as different weld currents, electrode forces, and welding times, were studied. Tests were conducted on a 170?kVA MFDC spot welder. Data were collected via a multichannel high-speed data acquisition system and were analyzed with MATLAB. Behaviors of 5182 aluminum and mild steel in spot welding were compared. Results show that nugget expansion rate does not reach zero for aluminium as it does for mild steel as nugget grew to a certain size. A linear relationship is found between the nugget size and maximum expansion that facilitates online weld quality evaluation. An electrode force peak is observed and believed relevant to the sufficient nugget size.

关键词： aluminum     electrode displacement     electrode force     nugget size     data acquisition    

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A novel flow electrode capacitive deionization device with spindle-shaped desalting chamber

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1800-y

摘要：

● A spindle-shaped influent chamber was designed and equipped in FCDI system.

关键词： Spindle-shaped chamber     Desalination performance     Flow electrode capacitive deionization    

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A novel task-oriented framework for dual-arm robotic assembly task

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第3期   页码 528-545 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0638-2

摘要： In industrial manufacturing, the deployment of dual-arm robots in assembly tasks has become a trend. However, making the dual-arm robots more intelligent in such applications is still an open, challenging issue. This paper proposes a novel framework that combines task-oriented motion planning with visual perception to facilitate robot deployment from perception to execution and finish assembly problems by using dual-arm robots. In this framework, visual perception is first employed to track the effects of the robot behaviors and observe states of the workpieces, where the performance of tasks can be abstracted as a high-level state for intelligent reasoning. The assembly task and manipulation sequences can be obtained by analyzing and reasoning the state transition trajectory of the environment as well as the workpieces. Next, the corresponding assembly manipulation can be generated and parameterized according to the differences between adjacent states by combining with the prebuilt knowledge of the scenarios. Experiments are set up with a dual-arm robotic system (ABB YuMi and an RGB-D camera) to validate the proposed framework. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the promising value of its practical application.

关键词： dual-arm assembly     AI reasoning     intelligent system     task-oriented motion planning     visual perception    

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Pareto lexicographic α-robust approach and its application in robust multi objective assembly line balancing

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第9卷 第3期   页码 257-264 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0294-x

摘要：

Robustness in most of the literature is associated with min-max or min-max regret criteria. However, these criteria of robustness are conservative and therefore recently new criteria called, lexicographic α-robust method has been introduced in literature which defines the robust solution as a set of solutions whose quality or jth largest cost is not worse than the best possible jth largest cost in all scenarios. These criteria might be significant for robust optimization of single objective optimization problems. However, in real optimization problems, two or more than two conflicting objectives are desired to optimize concurrently and solution of multi objective optimization problems exists in the form of a set of solutions called Pareto solutions and from these solutions it might be difficult to decide which Pareto solution can satisfy min-max, min-max regret or lexicographic α-robust criteria by considering multiple objectives simultaneously. Therefore, lexicographic α-robust method which is a recently introduced method in literature is extended in the current research for Pareto solutions. The proposed method called Pareto lexicographic α-robust approach can define Pareto lexicographic α-robust solutions from different scenarios by considering multiple objectives simultaneously. A simple example and an application of the proposed method on a simple problem of multi objective optimization of simple assembly line balancing problem with task time uncertainty is presented to get their robust solutions. The presented method can be significant to implement on different multi objective robust optimization problems containing uncertainty.

关键词： Pareto     lexicographic α-robust     assembly line balancing    

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Fabricating sustainable lignin-derived porous carbon as electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1065-1074 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2313-0

摘要： Lignocellulosic biomass such as plants and agricultural waste are ideal to tackle the current energy crisis and energy-related environmental issues. Carbon-rich lignin is abundant in lignocellulosic biomass, whose high-value transformation and utilization has been the most urgent problem to be solved. Herein, we propose a method for the preparation of porous carbon from lignin employing an H3PO4-assisted hydrothermal method. We characterize the as-prepared lignin-derived porous carbon and investigate its potential for energy storage. After assisted hydrothermal treatment followed by carbonization at 800 °C, the lignin-derived porous carbon displays a high specific capacitance (223.6 F·g–1 at 0.1 A·g–1) and excellent cycling ability with good capacitance retention. In this present study, the resultant lignin-derived porous carbon was used as the electrode of a supercapacitor, illustrating yet another potential high-value use for lignin, namely as a candidate for the sustainable fabrication of main supercapacitor components.

关键词： lignin     porous carbon     electrode     supercapacitor    

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Characterization of electrode fouling during electrochemical oxidation of phenolic pollutant

Xuefeng Liu, Shijie You, Fang Ma, Hao Zhou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1345-7

摘要： Abstract • Electrode fouling is characterized by non-destructive characterization. • Electrode fouling is highly dependent on electrochemical process. • Active chlorine can prevent the formation of polymeric fouling film. Electrode fouling is a problem that commonly occurs during electro-oxidation water purification. This study focused on identifying the fouling behavior of Pt electrode associated with the formation of polymeric layer during electro-oxidation of phenol. The in situ electrochemical measurements and non-destructive observation of the electrode morphology were reported. The results demonstrated that the electrode fouling was highly dependent on thermodynamic process of electrode that was controlled by anode potential. At anode potential lower than 1.0 V vs SHE, the direct electro-oxidation caused the electrode fouling by the formation of polymeric film. The fouling layer decreased the electrochemically active surface area from 8.38 cm2 to 1.57 cm2, indicated by the formation of polymeric film with thickness of 2.3 mm, increase in mass growing at a rate of 3.26 μg/cm2/min. The degree to which the anode was fouled was independent of anion in the electrolyte. In comparison, at anode potential higher than 2.7 V vs SHE, the anions (e.g., chloride) could exert a major influence to the behavior of electrode fouling. The presence of chloride was shown to mitigate the fouling of electrode significantly through preventing the formation of polymeric film by active chlorine (e.g., Cl• and Cl2) produced from anodic oxidation of chloride. Since chloride is the most abundant anionic species existing in both natural and engineered water system, this study not only offers a deep insight into the mechanism of electrode fouling, but also suggests strategies for anti-fouling in the presence of chloride in electro-oxidation process.

关键词： Electro-oxidation     Electrode fouling     Polymeric film     Chloride ions    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

期刊论文

Facile discovery of red blood cell deformation and compromised membrane/skeleton assembly in Prader–Willi

期刊论文

Ionic strength directed self-assembled polyelectrolyte single-bilayer membrane for low-pressure nanofiltration

期刊论文

基于一维纳米结构阵列的质子交换膜燃料电池电极设计的研究进展

杜尚峰

期刊论文

质子交换膜燃料电池的研究进展

任学佑

期刊论文

Ionic liquid modified Pt/C electrocatalysts for cathode application in proton exchange membrane fuel

Huixin Zhang, Jinying Liang, Bangwang Xia, Yang Li, Shangfeng Du

期刊论文

电活性膜去除氯酚污染物——面向工程应用的放大策略

裴姝钊, 王毅, 尤世界, 李战国, 任南琪

期刊论文

Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater

期刊论文

Assembly of biosynthetic pathways in

Lidan Ye,Xiaomei Lv,Hongwei Yu

期刊论文

Quality control based on electrode displacement and force in resistance spot welding

Chuntao JI, Lipeng DENG

期刊论文

A novel flow electrode capacitive deionization device with spindle-shaped desalting chamber

期刊论文

A novel task-oriented framework for dual-arm robotic assembly task

期刊论文

Pareto lexicographic α-robust approach and its application in robust multi objective assembly line balancing

null

期刊论文

Fabricating sustainable lignin-derived porous carbon as electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

期刊论文

Characterization of electrode fouling during electrochemical oxidation of phenolic pollutant

Xuefeng Liu, Shijie You, Fang Ma, Hao Zhou

期刊论文